LAB 3 WRITEUP
GRACHEVA, SUSKIC
LING 567


				Grammatical phenomena examples omitted in LAB 2 and added in LAB 3:
 
PRONOUNS: added 16 examples for pronouns (covering 8 personal pronouns occurring in free order with an intransitive verb).  
 
CASE: we have now 26 examples for case.  That covers all cases, taking in the consideration the free word order in Russian.  For example, just for the intransitive verbs we have:
(noun-nom intrans-verb)
 (intrans-verb noun-nom)
 (*noun-gen intrans-verb)
 (*intrans-verb noun-gen )
 (*noun-dat intrans-verb)
 (*intrans-verb noun-dat)
 (*noun-acc intrans-verb)
 (*intrans-verb noun-acc)
 (*noun-inst intrans-verb)
 (*intrans-verb noun-inst)
 (*noun-prep intrans-verb)
 (*intrans-verb noun-prep)
 
For the transitive verbs and accusative case we now have these examples in the testsuite:  
(noun-nom trans-verb noun-acc)
(noun-acc  trans-verb noun-nom)
(*noun-acc  trans-verb noun-acc) //NOT TESTING IT NOW 
(*noun-dat trans-verb noun-acc) //NOT TESTING IT NOW 
(*noun-nom trans-verb noun-nom)
(*noun-nom trans-verb noun-dat)
These two examples above are not being tested (see below the Testsuite Examples Not Covered in Starter Grammar)

To cater for this we defined noun types for each declension of pronouns for person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (s, pl), gender (masc, fem, neut - only in 3rd person) and three cases (nom, acc, instr).
 
DETERMINERS: we added ungrammatical examples for determiners (when determiners combine with pronouns).  






							LAB 3


1. Documentation the new or revised choices we made in the customization system, illustrated with examples from our test suite. 


							//ASPECT 

The main two aspects in Russian language are Imperfective (further divided in determinate and indeterminate 
types of motion for 
motion verbs) and Perfective.  Russian uses affixes for aspect.  An unaffixed verb form is Imperfective, a basic stem plus 
prefix is Perfective, and a basic stem plus prefix and suffix is Imperfective (referred to as Secondary Imperfective).  
Both aspects are used in past and future, but only Imperfective is used in present.  The Imperfective form is 
used when aspect 
is irrelevant or not emphasized, for describing a process or repetition or habit, and for 
cancellation of a previous state.  
The Perfective form is used to describe completion and a resulting state, 
an onset of action and the singleness/instantaneousness 
of an action.  Imperfectives and perfectives are usually
differentiated by prefixation (pisat'/na-pisat'), by internal 
modification (za-byva-t'/za-by-t'), derivation 
from entirely different roots (govorit'/skazat'), by stress (nasypat'/nasypat').  
Some verbs are biaspectual, 
i.e. one verb form can represent both perfective and imperfective aspect, depending on the context.  

To cater for this, we enabled the aspect feature in the matrix and added two values: perfective and imperfective.

We defined values for the aspect feature for verbs (chitatj (read): imperpfective, kupitj (buy) perfective).
We also defined a verb slot to add the "pro" prefix to verbs such as chitaj which will then make the verb perfective (prochitatj). The morpheme lexical rule changes the aspect from imperfective to perfective.


//ASPECT IN THE PRESENT TENSE


Only imperfective is used in present tense. Cannot really construct an ungrammatical example here because if we 
plug in the 
Perfective aspect, it will be read as Future Tense Perfective form (because they are identical) 
or as Perfective Past 
(which would just give it a past reading), which will be grammatical, so we have only 
grammatical example here:

#60 comment: Imperfective Present
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect
Ivan               chitaet       knigu.
Ivan               chita-et      knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  read-3SG.PRS  book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan is reading a book. 



//ASPECT IN THE PAST TENSE 


Imperfective is used to describe durative meaning, endeavour contrasted with successful completion, 
repeated actions in the past.
Perfective Past is often formed by addition of prefix. Secondary Imperfective 
Past is often formed by addition of prefix and 
suffix.    

#63 comment: Imperfective Past, cannot form an ungrammatical sentence, since if we use Perfective prefix here, it will be interpre
ted as grammatical Perfective form.
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect
Ivan               chita-l            knigu.
Ivan               chita-l            knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  read-IMP.PST.3SG   book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan was reading a book. 

#64 comment: Perfective Past: often formed by addition of prefix; cannot form an ungrammatical sentence, since if we use 
Imperfective prefix here, it will be interpreted as grammatical Imperfective form.
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect
Ivan               prochital            knigu
Ivan               pro.PERF-chit-al     knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  read-PST.3SG    	book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan read a book. 


//ASPECT IN FUTURE TENSE 


Imperfective is used to describe progress of an action, to emphasize how the action is carried out (vs. its 
result or successful implementation). Perfective stresses expected result or successful attainment, refers to a 
completed action within the framework of an action in progress. Perfective Future is formed with the help of 
suffix, similar to Present Tense.  Imperfective Future is formed as a compound (an appropriate form 
of verb "byt'" + the main imperfective verb in infinitive)

#69 comment: Perfective Future
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect
Ivan               kupit              knigu
Ivan               kup-i-t            knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  buy-PERF-FUT.3SG   book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan will buy a book. 

#70 comment: Imperfective Future
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect
Ivan               budet        pokupat'              knigu
Ivan               bud-e-t      po-kup-a-t'           knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  be.FUT-SG-3  po.IMP-buy-IMP-INF    book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan will be buying a book. 




						//TENSE

Russian uses inflection for tense.  Russian has 3 tenses: Present, Past and Future.  
Russian has an infinitive stem (from which the Past Tense, the Future Imperfective, Past Participles and most 
Perfective gerunds are formed) and present-future stem (from which the Present Tense, the Future Perfective, 
the Imperative, Present participles, imperfective gerunds and some perfective gerunds are formed).  
The latter present-future stem is derived by removing the last two letters of the 3PL of the verb.  
Russian verbs are divided into 2 conjugation groups.  

To cater for this we enabled the tense feature in the matrix and added three values: past, present and future

1. PRESENT TENSE

1-CONJUGATION VERBS usually end in -at'/jat' and some verbs in -et', verbs with a monosyllabic infinitive 
in -it', ot', ut',
 yt', st', zt', ti, ch'.  Their Present endings are:  -ju, -esh', -et, -em, -ete, -jut.  Ungrammatical examples are formed by 
mixing the 1st conjugation verb stem and 2nd conjugation verb suffix and 
vice versa.  The ungrammatical examples for agreement 
between subject.PERS and verb.PERS are in the Agreement 
section.

#73 comment: Present (1-conjugation verb)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
Ivan               chitaet        knigu
Ivan               chita-et       knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  read-3SG.PRS   book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan is reading a book. 



2-CONJUGATION VERBS usually end in -it', also jet', -at', and two verbs ending in -jat' (bojat'sja, 
stojat').
Their present tense endings are -ju, -ish', -it, -im, -ite, -jat.  

#75 comment: Present (2-conjugation verb)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
Vy        govorite.  
Vy        govor-ite
2PL.NOM   speak-2PL.PRS
You are speaking.


To cater for this, we created two noun slots, one for each conjugation and added morphemes for each person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and each number (sg, pl) - six morphemes each in total. 
Each morpheme's lexical rule adds the appropriate person and number feature values to the subjet NP and present value for the tense feature of the verb.

The verb types were defined as conjugation 1 or 2 in the name, and we added the appropriate input to the appropriate verb slots.



2. PAST TENSE

The past tense of verbs with infinitives ending in -tj and -stj is formed by replacing -t' or -st' by -l to form 
the masculine past.  For feminine, neuter and plural -a, -o, and -i will be added respectively to the masculine. 
This rule is not the same for verbs ending in -eretj (teretj), with the suffix -nu- (gasnut'), ending in -ti 
(nesti) , -zt' 
(lezt'), -ch' (berechj') and compounds of -shibit' (ushibit').  But we are not treating all of 
these exceptions right now.  
Since all of the verbs we are dealing with in lexicon end in -tj, this does not 
present a problem.  

#77 comment: Past Tense (masc)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
Ivan               spal.      
Ivan               spa-l         
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  sleep-IMP.PST.3SG.MASC
Ivan was sleeping. 

#78 comment: Past Tense(fem)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
Ona          spala.      
Ona          spa-l-a        
3SG.FEM.NOM  sleep-IMP.PST.3SG-FEM 
She was sleeping.

To cater for this we added one main verb slot and four morphemes: -l (sg.masc), -la (sg.fem), -lo (sg.neut), -li (pl). The inputs were either verbs whose stem ends in a vowel (such as chita)
or another verb slot which first added a vowel to a verb whose stem ends in a consonant (such as spitj, stem: sp, first verbslot: sp-i, past tense verb slot: spi-l for sg.masc).
Different verbs whose stem ends in a consonant needed different vowel suffixes before being inputs for the past tense verb slot, so we created different verb slots for different vowels, as well as naming the verb type accordingly
(for example adding the "add-a" to the verb type for verb with the stem sp).
Each morpheme slot's lexical rule added the approrpiate gender and number features to the subject NP and past tense for the verb.


3. FUTURE TENSE

Imperfective future is compound (i.e. it consists of the appropriate form of the verb "byt'" and the 
imperfective infinitive).  Perfective future is formed by Perfective affix.  

#81 comment: Perfective Future
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect
Ivan               kupit              knigu
Ivan               kup-it             knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  buy-PERF.FUT.3SG   book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan will buy a book. 

#82 comment: Imperfective Future (again this is a case where the prefix is added for the Imperfective, while the Perfective 
form "kupitj" is unprefixed)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect
Ivan               budet       pokupat'              knigu
Ivan               bud-et      po-kup-at'            knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  be.FUT-3SG  po.IMP-buy-IMP.INF    book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan will be buying a book. 


To cater for perfective future, we created a verb slot whose inputs were perfective verbs (such as kupitj, after adding the "i" to the stem) or perfective verbs (results of the "pre-per" lexical rule (described earlier in the aspect section).
We added morphemes for each person and each number (six in total). The lexical rules add the appropriate person and number features to the subject NP and tense to the verb.

To cater for the imperfective future, we created an auxiliary verb Bytj (to be) with the stem (bud). Bytj's complement in the perfective future is infinitive, so we indicated that for the aux verb's complement feature.

We then created a second conjugation lexical rule which for now takes in only the bytj verb and inflects it for perfective future and added six morphemes for each person and number.

Each morpheme added the appropriate person and number features to the subject NP and tense for the verb.

Next we created a lexical rule to create the infinitive verbs from stems by adding the suffix tj. The same lexical rule makes such inflected verbs infinitive form and thus suitbl eto be complements of bytj.


						//AGREEMENT

In Russian verbs agree with their subjects in Person and Number (in all tenses) and in Gender (in Past Tense).  
Determiners and adjectives agree with the nouns they modify (in Case, Number, and Gender).   



I. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT


1. AGREEMENT IN THE PRESENT TENSE: 
verb agrees with the subject in Number (SG or PL) and in Person (1, 2, 3).  v has the same form for all genders.  
As mentioned earlier in the Tense section, 1-conjugation verbs usually end in -at'/jat' and some verbs 
in -etj, verbs with a monosyllabic infinitive in -it', ot', ut', yt', st', zt', ti, ch'.  
Their Present endings are:  -ju, -eshj, -et, -em, -ete, -jut. 2-conjugation verbs usually end in -it', 
also jet', -at', and two verbs ending in -jat' (bojat'sja, stojat').  Their present tense endings are: 
-ju, -ish', -it, -im, -ite, -jat.

#84 comment: Present (1SG verb.1SG)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ja       spl-ju.      
Ja       spl-ju.         
1SG.NOM  sleep-IMP.PRS.1SG 
I am sleeping.


#86 comment: Present (1PL verb.1PL)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
My       spim.      
My       sp-im         
1PL.NOM  sleep-IMP.PRS.1PL 
We are sleeping.


2. AGREEMENT IN THE PAST TENSE: 

Verb agrees with the subject in Number (SG or PL) and Gender (MASC, FEM, or NEUT).  
Feminine, neuter, and plural are respectively formed by adding -a, -o, and -i to the masculine form. 


#93 comment: Past Tense (noun.3SG.MASC verb.3SG.MASC)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ivan               spal.      
Ivan               spa-l         
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  sleep-IMP.PST.3SG 
Ivan was sleeping. 

#95 comment: Past Tense (noun.3SG.FEM verb.3SG.FEM)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ona          spala.      
Ona          spa-l-a        
3SG.FEM.NOM  sleep-IMP.PST.3SG.FEM 
She was sleeping.


 

3. AGREEMENT IN THE FUTURE TENSE

Imperfective future is compound (i.e. it consists of the appropriate form of the verb "byt'": bud-u, bud-eshj,
bud-et, bud-em, bud-ete, bud-ut) and the imperfective infinitive).  As a rule, Perfective future is formed by 
Perfective prefix and the same suffix as in the Imperfective Present.  Subject agrees with Verb in Number and Person.  

//We don't have ungrammatical examples FOR IMPERFECTIVE FUTURE because only verb "byt'" is inflected and it is covered
in the Future Tense section.  


#100 comment: Perfective Future (noun.3SG verb.3SG)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ivan               kupit              knigu
Ivan               kupi-t             knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  buy-PERF.FUT.3SG   book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan will buy a book. 

#101 comment: Perfective Future (noun.1SG verb.1SG)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ja 	 prochitaju 		  knigu.
Ja       pro-chita-ju             knig-u
1SG.NOM  pro.PERF-read-PERF1SG    book-FEM.3SG.ACC
I will read a book. 


#106 comment: Imperfective Future (noun.3SG verb.3SG)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ivan               budet        chit-at'        knigu
Ivan               bude-t       chit-at'        knig-u 
Ivan-MASC.3SG.NOM  be.FUT.3SG   read-IMP.INF    book-FEM.3SG.ACC
Ivan will read a book. 


To cater for subject-verb agreement, we added the appropriate person, gender and number features to each noun and pronoun, 
as well as adding appropriate person, gender and number feature values for subject NPs for each verb inflection.



// II.  DETERMINER-NOUN AGREEMENT.



ADJECTIVE-NOUN AGREEMENT:

#107 comment: det-sg-nom n-sg-nom verb-3sgsubj adj-sg-acc n-sg-acc
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Jeta              devochka           chitaet        bolshuju                knigu
Jet-a             devochk-a          chita-e-t      bolshu-ju               knig-u 
This-FEM.3SG.NOM  girl-FEM.3SG.NOM   read-3SG-PRS   big-FEM.3SG.ACC   book-FEM.3SG.ACC
This girl is reading a large book.  





DETERMINER-NOUN AGREEMENT

As with the Adjectives, the agreement between determiner and noun is in Number, Gender, Case.  
The inflection
also depends on whether the noun is animate or inanimate.  



FEM.NOM.ANIM.SG is -a, MASC.NOM.ANIM.SG is -ot. (inanimate has the same endings)

FEM.NOM.ANIM.PL is -i, MASC.NOM.ANIM.SG is -i.  (inanimate has the same endings)



FEM.ACC.ANIM.SG is -u,  MASC.ACC.ANIM.SG is -ogo.

FEM.ACC.ANIM.PL and MASC.ACC.ANIM.PL both have -ih.

FEM.ACC.INANIM.SG is -u, MASC.ACC.INANIM.SG is -ot.

FEM.ACC.INANIM.PL and MASC.ACC.ANIM.PL both have -i/-y.  



FEM.INST.ANIM.SG is -oj, MASC.INST.ANIM.SG is -om. (inanimate has the same endings)

FEM.INST.ANIM.PL and MASC.INST.ANIM.PL both have -ami. (inanimate has the same endings)



#117   det-sg-nom-animate n-sg-nom-animate verb-3sgsubj det-sg-acc-inanimate-fem n-sg-acc-inanimate-fem 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Jeta              devochka           ljubit         jetu                knigu.
Jet-a             devochk-a          ljub-it        jet-u               knig-u 
This-FEM.3SG.NOM  girl-FEM.3SG.NOM   love-PRS.3SG   this-FEM.3SG.ACC    book-FEM.3SG.ACC
This girl loves this book.


To cater for this, we created a new feature, Animacy with two values, animate and inanimate. Each noun was defined with the appropriate value for this feature (kniga (book) inanimate, sobaka (dog) animate.
We also created determiners, jeta (this) and tot (that) with stems, jet and t respectively. we then inflected the determiners for singular gender, plural and three cases (nom, acc and instr).
The inflections are the same for animate and inamimate nouns, except for masc.sg and pl accusative where there is a difference depending on whther the subject is inanimate or animate.


//PRONOUN (SUBJECT) VERB AGREEMENT

#133 pronoun-1sg-nom verb-1sgsubj 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ja    chitaju.
Ja    chita-ju
I.1SG read-1SG
I am reading.

#134 pronoun-2sg-nom verb-2sgsubj 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
Ty      chitaeshj'.
Ty      chita-esh'
You-2SG read-2SG
You are reading.


This is the same as noun-verb agreement described above.




							//NEGATION

Sentential negation is formed by insertion of the negative adverb "ne" before the verb (if it is placed before the other parts of 
speech, it will indicate another, contrastive, center of the negation, i.e. it will be the "constituent negation").  
"Ne" cannot be placed after verb.Adding the negative adverbs or pronouns only emphasizes the negation 
(it does not cancel it).  If there is a negative adverb other than "ne" (like "nikak" (by no means) or "nikogda" (never), 
the presence of negative adverb "ne" is required.  The negative adverb precedes the negative adverb "ne".  

#141 negation (ne verb)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: negation
Vy      ne  chitaete.
Vy      ne  chita-ete
You.2PL not read-2PL
You are not reading.


#143 negation (neg-adv ne verb)
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: negation
Vy      nikogda ne  chitaete.
Vy      nikogda ne  chita-ete
You.2PL never   not read-2PL
You never read.


To cater for negation, we chose yes for negaton in the matrix, entered "ne" as the negating adverb and chose the V option as the complement of negation.

We noticed that the customization system only allows one negatin adverb. We were not sure whether nikogda (never) would be considered a negation adverb and if so, how we would specify that in the customization system.


						//ARGUMENT OPTIONALITY

In Russian there can be a null subject in several cases:

1. PERSONAL PRONOUN (1 and 2 person) can be omitted with non-past verbs, when there is no emphasis on the pronoun (this is 
explained by the fact that the inflection on the verb explains which person it is, therefore making the presence of personal
pronoun unnecessary).  However, pro-drop can also happen with past verbs and with 3-rd person pronouns if the context is clear 
(i.e. when answering to a question).  There aren't really any ungrammatical sentences here, since there is no special word order 
required, and dropping the subject is entirely optional.  The source that we were using didn't mention anything about object
optionality, but it seems that it is also optional (when the context is clear).  

#151  ((personal pronoun) verb.PST.3SG)
Source: a, e 
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: arg
Kupil 		vchera 		sobaku.  
Kupi-l 		vchera 		sobak-u.  
Buy-3SG.PST 	yesterday 	dog-ACC
(I) bought a dog yesterday.  

#152   (*(personal pronoun) verb.INF)
THE REASON WHY THIS IS POSSIBLE IS BECAUSE THE VERB INFLECTION INDICATES THE PERSON WHO IS PERFORMING THE ACTION
Source: a, e 
Vetted: t
Judgment: U
Phenomena: arg
Kupitj 		vchera 		sobaku.  
Kupi-tj 	vchera 		sobak-u.  
Buy-INF 	yesterday 	dog-ACC
(I) bought a dog yesterday.  

To cater for this, we selected yes for subject and object optionality in the matrix. For subject optionality we chose "for every verb" and that subject markers were required for both subject presence and non-presence.

For object optionality we chose "lexically driven" and changed the feature OPT for some verb that cannot drop the object, such as Kupitj.


//We have covered our demonstratives in the Determiners section.  We used examples of demonstrative pronouns
"jetot" (this) and 
"tot" (that).


//DEFINITENESS
Russian mostly depends on the word order to indicate whether the noun is definite or indefinite.  

Although several sources note this, they didn't describe the process in detail.  It seems though that the first 
noun phrase 
would be more definite.  I.e. in the sentence "Sobaku kupil Ivan" (Ivan bought the dog) the NP "dog"
occupies the first position 
in the sentence and precedes the subject, thus being equivalent roughly to "It was 
the dog that Ivan bought" emphasizing that it
was the dog (and not a cat).  We have covered the different word 
order variations in the Word Order section.  



2.  Properties of Russian illustrated in our test suite but not covered by starter grammar and/or the customization system. 

These main properties are:

DITRANSITIVES: in our testsuite we have examples with ditransitive verbs when we demonstrate the use of Dative Case.  
 
POSSESSIVES: (in testsuite we have them in the examples for Genitive Case)
 
PREPOSITIONS: (used in testsuite examples for Prepositional Case).  Prepositional (locative) case requires use of prepositions, 
which are placed before the head noun.  However, other cases (like Genitive case) can also use prepositions optionally, 
as in priehatj iz Moskvy.GEN (translated as to come from Moscow)
 
SECONDARY IMPERFECTIVE: In Russian there are Imperfectives ("chitatj"), then Perfectives ("pro-chita-tj"), and then 
Secondary Imperfectives for some verbs ("pro-chit-yv-atj"), often with the help of suffix y(v)-.  
Secondary Imperfective cannot be formed for all verbs (for example, in our current lexicon only one verb can form 
Secondary Imperfective, i.e. prochitatj).  We had several grammatical and ungrammatical examples formed by mixing 
prefixes/suffixes that might be very useful later, but that we didnt test yet. One of the difficulties connected with formation 
of Secondary Imperfectives in Russian is that not all verbs can form them (and there is no clear pattern of which verbs can form 
and which cannot form them) and also then the suffix that is added to the stem separates the prefix+stem from the last suffix 
("al").  

ARGUMENT OPTIONALITY.  We have several examples in testsuite, in which the subject and object can be dropped, if the context 
is clear or if the verb describes a natural phenomena (then dropping the subject is actually required).  We are not testing all 
of them yet, though, because these are special cases.  

 
3. 

We have 29% coverage of grammatical examples. 


We do have very good coverage of the phenomena - and one area where we struggled is 1st person, single, present tense inflection of some verbs.

It actually involves adding a specific morpheme to the stem for just that case, but does not lend itself to an easy rule. For example verb spitj (sleep),
in 1st.sg.present is splju, but for kupitj is kupchu, the rest of the conjugation follow some rules 9after we add a vowel morpheme. This also affects
perfective future for those same verbs.

We were planning to talk to you this Friday, but our schedules did not allow it and the issue is difficult to describe on GoPost.

The other errors generated were due to adjectives (which we did not add in the lexicon) and phenomena like second imperfective future (prochityavatj vs. prochitatj) which we
descibed earlier in this section.

We got a lot more ungrammatical examples that parsed and we do not know yet why. For example, Ja chitaem (which is wrong due to the noun - verb agreement) is listed as an ungrammatical example which parsed, 
however when I parse that same sentence in lkb, it is correctly flagged with errors. I suspect maybe some test suite formatting issues, but have not seen anything yet.

4. The customization system was not able to cope with changing a value for a feature through a lexical rule. We had a lexical rule which would change an imperfective verb to a 
perfective verb by adding a prefix ("pro" for some verbs). Loading the grammar withthe lr generated an error. Once we removed that constraint in the lr, the grammar loaded.
We understand that this is possible by hand editing tdl files.

We also could not see how to add more than one negation verb (nikogda (never) in addition to ne (no)). But this may be possible through adding auxilliaries and changind complement features.
Did not have time to explore further.

