# TENSE
# @Author: Harmanas Chopra

## TODO: WHAT IS INV?
## TODO: ADD PRESENT TENSE.

# {-

# DEFINITIONS:
# * Perfect Tense:
	# * [WP] is a type of verb used to indicate that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the present time; often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself.
	# * [WP] this should not be confused with the perfective aspect, which refers to the viewing of an action as a single, but not necessarily prior event.
	# * [WP] though traditionally considered a tense, it contains aspectual information.
# * Pluperfect (or Past Perfect) Tense:
	# * [WP] used in referring to something that occurred earlier than the time being considered, when the time being considered is already in the past.
	# * [WP] it combines the past tense with the perfect tense.
# 

# TENSE RULES:
# [- Simple Past Tense
# * The simple past tense consists of:  `AUX` (conj/ hobn or zayn) + past participle.
# * The hobn auxiliary is the one most commonly used. 'zayn' is used for verbs that denote whole body movement, body state, or motion.
# * A 'zayn' verb becoming transitive takes 'hobn'.
# * Periphrastic verbs formed with `AUX` 'zayn' show a mixed construction in the past tense: `AUX` 'hobn' + past participle 'geven'. However this is not always true.
# * A complex VP contains only one finite verb. This addition of the past-tense `AUX` triggers `finite verb -> past participle`.
# -]
# [- Pluperfect Past Tense [NOT COVERED]
# * The Yiddish pluperfect is formed by adding an invariant 'gehat' (past participle of 'hobn') or 'geven' (~ 'gevest') to the past tense.
# * The pluperfect of 'zayn' verbs is problematic; there are two forms that are used:
		# 1. In NEY a "normal pluperfect": `AUX` (conj/ zayn) + 'geven' + past participle.
		# 2. A mixed form in literary Yiddish and in all of Poland:
			# * 'hot geven' + past participle 
			# * 'iz gehat' + past participle
# -]
# [- Simple Future Tense
# * The future tense is formed by: future `AUX` + infinitive
# * Verb particle and `INV` occur before the infinitive. 
# -]
# [- Future Perfect Tense [NOT COVERED]
# * The future perfect is formed by:
# 	future `AUX` + 'hobn' [infinitive] + past participle of the main verb
# * Because of the aspectual nature of the future perfect, many past participle here require perfective markers.
# -]


# NOTES:
# * Verbs mostly take `AUX` 'hobn'. 
# * Verbs that take `AUX` 'zayn':
	# * involve motion, body movement, body state.
	# * intransitive and take the nasal suffix in the past-participle.

# Template for test suite items:
	# Ex number and optional comment
	# Source: {a:page, b:page, author, elicited, attested}
	# Vetted: {t, f, s}
	# Judgement: {g, u}
	# Phenomena: {word order, case, agreement, ...}
	# <Example in transliteration>
	# <Example with morpheme boundaries noted and morpheme forms regularized>
	# <Morpheme-by-morpheme glosses>
	# <Free translation>
# -}

# [-
# @title: Past Tense 
# @desc: Past tense for base verb, prefixed verb, verb-particle verb, & periphrastic verb.

# @n: 1
# @desc: A base verb.
# @pres-tense: Ikh shrayb.
Source: {a:217}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh hob geshribn.
Ikh hob ge-shrayb-n.
1SG.NOM have;1SG PP-write-PP.
I have written.

# @n: 2
# @desc: A base verb.
# @pres-tense: Ikh blayb.
Source: {a:217}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh bin geblibn.
Ikh bin ge-blayb-n.
1SG.NOM be;1SG PP-remain-PP.
I remained.

# {- @NOTE: Don't think hob vs bin selection for base verb is testable except at the lexical level. -}

# @n: 3
# @desc:  A prefixed verb in the past tense.
# @pres-tense: Ikh bashrayb.
Source: {a:217}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh hob bashribn.
Ikh hob ba-shrayb-n.
1SG.NOM have;1SG PRF-write-INF.
I covered with writing.

# {- @NOTE: Don't think prefixation like this is testable. -}

# @n: 4
# @desc: A verb-particle verb in the past tense.
# @pres-tense: Ikh shrayb on.
Source: {a:217}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh hob ongeshribn.
Ikh hob on-ge-shrayb-n.
1SG.NOM have;1SG.PST PRF-PP-write-PP.
I completed writing.

# @n: 4
# @desc: Incorrect because verb-particle has to become a prefix in the past tense.
# @pres-tense: Ikh shrayb on.
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgement: u
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh hob on geshribn.
Ikh hob on ge-shrayb-n.
1SG.NOM have;1SG on PP-write-PP.
I completed writing.


# @n: 5
# @desc: A 'zayn' periphrastic verb.
# @pres-tense: Ikh bin boydek.
Source: {a:217}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh hob boydek geven.
Ikh hob boydek geven.
1SG.NOM have;1SG check PP.PRF.
I checked.

# @n: 5
# @desc: Incorrect because because most 'zayn' verbs take 'hobn' in the past tense.
# @pres-tense: Ikh bin bojdek.
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgement: u
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh bin boydek geven.
Ikh bin boydek geven.
1SG.NOM be;1SG check;1SG PP.PRF.
I checked.

# @n: 6
# @desc: A 'hobn' periphrastic verb.
# @pres-tense: Ikh hob lib.
Source: {a:217}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh hob lib gehat.
Ikh hob lib gehat.
1SG.NOM have;1SG like;1SG PP.PRF.
I liked.

# {- @NOTE: No way to break 'hobn' past tense I think since the non-periphrastic form is present tense. -}

# @n: 7
# @desc: A 'zayn' verb becoming transitive takes 'hobn'.
# @pres-tense: Ikh farslofn di leckje.
Source: {a:218}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh hob farshlofn di lekcje.
Ikh hob farshlof-n di lekcje.
1SG.NOM have;1SG oversleep-INF;TR the lecture.
I overslept the lecture.

# @n: 8
# @desc: A 'zayn' verb becoming transitive that doesn't take 'hobn'.
Source: {a:218}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Er iz bagangen aleynmord.
Er zay;t ba-gang-en aleynmord.
3SG.M.NOM be;3SG TR-go-INF suicide.
He committed suicide.

# {- @NOTE: No way to break 'zayn' transitivity I think. -}

# @n: 9
# @desc: A complex VP contains only one finite verb.
Source: {a:218}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Er vilst esn.
Er vil-st es-n.
3SG.M.NOM want-3SG eat-INF.
He wants to eat.

# @n: 11
# @desc: Incorrect because a complex VP cannot have more than one finite verb.
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgement: u
Phenomena: {tam}
Er vilst est.
Er vil-st es-t.
3SG.M.NOM want-3SG eat-3SG. 
He wants to eat.

# -]

# [-
# @title: Present Tense



# -]

# {-
# # [-
# # @title: Pluperfect Tense
# 
# # @n: 9
# # @desc: The pluperfect form of a 'hobn' verb.
# # @past-tense: Er hot getrunken.
# Source: {a:218}
# Vetted: t
# Judgement: g
# Phenomena: {tam}
# Er hot gehat getrunken.

# # @TODO: <Morpheme-by-morpheme glosses>
# He had drunk.
# 
# # {- @TODO: Is there a way to "break" the pluperfect?  -}
# 
# # @n: 10
# # @desc: 
# # @past-tense: Ikh bin geforn.
# Source: {a:218}
# Vetted: t
# Judgement: g
# Phenomena: {tam}
# Ikh bin geven geforn.
# # @TODO: <Example with morpheme boundaries noted and morpheme forms regularized>
# # @TODO: <Morpheme-by-morpheme glosses>
# I had gone.
# # -]
# -}

# [-
# @title: Future Tense

# @n: 12
# @desc: The future tense is formed by `AUX` + infinitive.
# @pres-tense: Ikh shraybn.
Source: {a:218}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Ikh vel shraybn.
Ikh vel shrayb-n.
1SG.NOM shall;1SG write-INF.
I shall write.

# @n: 12
# @desc: The future tense is formed by `AUX` + infinitive.
# @pres-tense: Er ken redn jidis.
Source: {a:218}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Er vet kenen redn jidis.
Er vel-t ken-en red-n jidis.
3SG.M.HOM will-3SG can-INF speak-INF Yiddish.
He will be able to speak Yiddish.

# @n: 12
# @desc: verb particle and INV occur before the infinitive.
# @pres-tense: Er iz boydek.
Source: {a:218}
Vetted: t
Judgement: g
Phenomena: {tam}
Er vet boydek zayn.
Er vel-t boydek zay-n.
3SG.M.NOM will-3SG boydek be-INF.
He will check.

# -]

# {-
# # [- 
# # @title: Future Perfect Tense
# 
# # @desc: future `AUX` + 'hobn' [infinitive] + past participle of the main verb
# # pres-tense: 
# Er vet hobn geredt.
# He will have spoken.
# 
# # {- @TODO: I think this can be broken by having hobn not be inifitive. -}
# 
# # {- @NOTE: Because of the aspectual nature of the future perfect, many past participle here require perfective markers. Don't think this can be tested beyond a lexical level. -}
# 
# # -]
# -}


