Language: Irabu Ryukyuan
Language code: mvi
Lines: orth orth-seg gloss translat
Author: Adam Ledyard and Sanae Sato
Date: April 11, 2013
Source a: Irabu Ryukyuan by Michinori Shimoji


#Example 1 Intransitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
pztu nu ff
pztu=nu ff-0
man=NOM come-NPST
A man comes.

#Example 2 Intransitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
ff pztu nu
ff-0 pztu=nu
come-NPST man=NOM
A man comes.

#Example 3 Transitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
pztu nu aagu u naratar
pztu=nu aagu=u nara-tar
man=NOM song=ACC learn-PAST
A man learned a song.

#Example 4 Transitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
naratar pztu nu aagu u
nara-tar pztu=nu aagu=u
learn-PAST man=NOM song=ACC
Learned a man a song.

#Example 5 Transitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
naratar aagu u pztu nu
nara-tar aagu=u pztu=nu 
learn-PAST song=ACC man=NOM 
Learned a song a man.

#Example 6 Transitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
aagu u naratar pztu nu
aagu=u nara-tar pztu=nu 
song=ACC learn-PAST man=NOM 
a song learned a man.

#Example 7 Transitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
pztu nu naratar aagu u
pztu=nu nara-tar aagu=u 
man=NOM learn-PAST song=ACC 
a man learned a song.

#Example 8 Transitive example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
aagu u pztu nu naratar
aagu=u pztu=nu nara-tar
song=ACC man=NOM learn-PAST
A man learned a song.

#Example 9 1SG Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: c, tam
ba ga iditar
ba=ga idi-tar
1SG=NOM exit-PAST
I exited.

#Example 10 1SG Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: c
ba nu iditar
ba=nu idi-tar
1SG=NOM exit-PAST
I exited.

#Example 11 1SG Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: c
ba u iditar
ba=u idi-tar
1SG=ACC exit-PAST
I exited.

#Example 12 1SG Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: c
ba ga iditar
ba=ga idi-tar
1SG=GEN exit-PAST
I exited.

#Example 13 1SG Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: c
ba n iditar
ba=n idi-tar
1SG=DAT exit-PAST
I exited.

#Example 14 1PL exclusive Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: c
banti ga iditar
banti=ga idi-tar
1PL.excl=NOM exit-PAST
We exited.

#Example 15 1PL inclusive Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: c
duu nu iditar
duu=nu idi-tar
1PL.incl=NOM exit-PAST
We exited.

#Example 16 1PL inclusive Pronoun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: c
duu ga iditar
duu=ga idi-tar
1PL.incl=NOM exit-PAST
We exited.

#Example 17 no ad position
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: c
duu iditar
duu idi-tar
1PL.incl exit-PAST
We exited.

#Example 18 ad position in wrong order
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
nu duu iditar
nu=duu idi-tar
NOM=1PL.incl exit-PAST
We exited.

#Example grammatical arugument optionality on subject
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d
tigami=u tur0
tigami=u tur-0
letter=ACC take-NPST
(I) take a letter.

#Example ungrammatical arugument optionality on object
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pro-d
ba ga tur0
ba=ga tur-0
1SG=NOM take-NPST
I take (something).


#Example grammatical use of -r NPST suffix on class 1 verbs
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga idir
ba=ga idi-r
1SG=NOM exit-NPST
I exit.

#Example  ungrammatical use of -0 NPST suffix on class 1 verbs
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga idi0
ba=ga idi-0
1SG=NOM exit-NPST
I exit.


#Example grammatical use of -0 NPST suffix on class 2 verbs
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u tur0
ba=ga tigami=u tur-0
1SG=NOM letter=ACC take-NPST
I take a letter.

#Example  ungrammatical use of -r NPST suffix on class 2 verbs
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u turr
ba=ga tigami=u tur-r
NOM=1SG letter=ACC take-NPST
I take a letter.


# - PAST


#Example 9 shows the grammatical use of -tar PAST suffix on class 1 verbs



#Example grammatical use of -tar PAST suffix on class 2 verbs
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u turtar
ba=ga tigami=u tur-tar
1SG=NOM letter=ACC take-PAST
I took a letter.

#Example ungrammatical use of -tar PAST suffix (MOOD is in btwn stem & TENSE)
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u turmtar
ba=ga tigami=u tur-m-tar
1SG=NOM letter=ACC take-REAL-PAST
I took a letter.

# ASPECT
# - Progressive


#Example grammatical use of -u ASPECT suffix w/ -r NPST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakiu0
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-u-0
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PROG-NPST
I am writing a letter.

#Example ungrammatical use of -u ASPECT suffix w/ -r NPST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakiur
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-u-r
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PROG-NPST
I am writing a letter.


#Example ungrammatical use of -u ASPECT suffix w/ -r NPST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kak0u
ba=ga tigami=u kak-0-u
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NPST-PROG
I am writing a letter.

              
#Example grammatical use of -u ASPECT suffix w/ -tar PAST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakiutar
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-u-tar
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PROG-PAST
I was writing a letter.


#Example ungrammatical use of -u ASPECT suffix w/ -tar PAST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakitaru
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-tar-u
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PAST-PROG
I was writing a letter.


# - Resultative


#Example grammatical use of -ar ASPECT suffix w/ -0 NPST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakiar0
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-ar-0
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-RES-NPST
I have written a letter.


#Example grammatical use of -ar ASPECT suffix w/ -tar PAST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakiartar
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-ar-tar
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-RES-PAST
I had written a letter.

                       
#Example ungrammatical use of -ar ASPECT suffix w/ -tar PAST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakitarar
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-tar-ar
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PASTR-RES
I had written a letter.


# - Prospective

#Example grammatical use of -uf ASPECT suffix --sanaes: really grammatical?
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakiuf0
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-uf-0
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-RROS-NPST
I am to write a letter.


#Example grammatical use of -uf ASPECT suffix w/ -tar PAST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakiuftar
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-uf-tar
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PROS-PAST
I was to write a letter.

                       
#Example ungrammatical use of -uf ASPECT suffix w/ -tar PAST suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakitaruf
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-tar-uf
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PAST-PROS
I was to write a letter.



#Example ungrammatical use of -uf ASPECT suffix w/ MOOD in btwn
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakibaauf
ba=ga tigami=u kaki-baa-uf
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-OPTA-PROS
I was wanting to write a letter.

#Example ungrammatical use of -uf ASPECT suffix w/ NEG in btwn
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakanuf
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-n-uf
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NEG-PROS
I was not to write a letter.

# - Perfect    ??

# MOOD
# - optative

#Example grammatical use of -baa MOOD suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakabaa
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-baa
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-OPTA
I want to write a letter.


#Example grammatical use of -baa MOOD suffix with TENSE (PAST)
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakatabaa
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-ta-baa
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PAST-OPTA
I wanted to write a letter.


# - intentional

#Example grammatical use of -di MOOD suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakadi
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-di
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-INTENT
I will write a letter.



#Example grammatical use of NEG > TENSE(PAST) > -baa MOOD
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakattabaa
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-t-ta-baa
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NEG-PAST-OPTA
I did not want to write a letter.


# - negative intentional

#Example grammatical use of -djaan MOOD suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakadjaan
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-djaan
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NEGINTENT
I won't write a letter.


#Example grammatical use of -di MOOD suffix with NEG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tam
ba ga tigami u kakandi
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-n-di
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NEG-INTENT
I will not  write a letter.

# - Imperative


# - Prohibitive


# - realis
#Example grammatical use of -m (realis) MOOD suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
kari ga tigami u kak0m
kari=ga tigami=u kak-0-m
3SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NPST-REAL
He writes a letter.


# NEGATION

#Example grammatical use of NEG suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
ba ga tigami u kakan0
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-n-0
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NEG-NPST
I do not write a letter.

#Example grammatical use of NEG suffix
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
ba ga tigami u kakattar
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-t-tar
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-NEG-PAST
I didn't write a letter.


#Example grammatical use of NEG with -uf ASPECT
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
ba ga tigami u kakaufan0
ba=ga tigami=u kaka-ufa-n-0
1SG=NOM letter=ACC write-PROS-NEG-NPST
I was not to write a letter.



# DEMONSTRATIVE


#Example grammatical use of demonstrative
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: det
kunu pztu nu tuvtar
kunu pztu=nu tuv-tar
PROX man=NOM fly-PAST
This man flew

#Example grammatical use of demonstrative
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: det
pztu nu kunu tuvtar
pztu=nu kunu tuv-tar
man=NOM PROX fly-PAST
This man flew.

#Example grammatical use of demonstrative
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: det
kunu ba ga tuvtar
kunu ba=ga tuv-tar
PROX 1SG=NOM fly-PAST
This me flew.

