Language: Nishnaabemwin
Language code: ojb
Author: Prescott Klassen, Jason Shaw
Date: January 13, 2010
Source a: Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, Valentine, 2001 

################################################################################
# The format of the lines for each sentence in the test suite is:
#
# - standard orthography
# - regularized morpheme to morpheme delimited
# - morpheme to morpheme gloss
# - free translation
#
# The orthography may be inaccurate in the sentences not sourced from 
# Valentine, 2001. These sentences have been created by non-native-speakers 
# of Nishnaabemwin to demonstrate syntax features of the language and have 
# not been vetted by native speakers.
# 
# Valentine, 2001 uses bold and hyphens to highlight morphemes that are
# being discussed, they have been removed for the standard orthography of
# the test suite.
#
# The morpheme used in the regularized morpheme to morpheme gloss are
# interpreted from noun and verb inflection paradigms and prefix/suffix 
# pattern charts in Valentine, 2001. Where there was no information, a best
# guess was made based on Valentine's explanation of the morphophonology of
# Nishnaabemwin.
#
# Where Valentine uses variations of words or morphemes based on community
# dialects in the orthography, these words or morphemes are mapped in the
# regularized morpheme to morpheme line with a single representation from
# the lexicon, which encodes only one version and considers it canonical.
# The comments for these sentences will call this out.
#
# In the morpheme to morpheme gloss, the following symbols are used:
#
#   -  a hyphen delimits morphemes and should line up one for one with the
#      regularized morpheme to morpheme line that precedes it.
#
#   +  a plus sign delimits the words in an English multi-word translation
#      of a Nishnaabemwin word in the regularized morpheme to morpheme line
#      that precedes it.
#
#   .  a period delimits a word or morpheme from its gloss
#
#   Nishnaabemwin Grammar abbreviations used in the gloss and comments:
#
#   vii   verb intransitive inanimate subject
#   vai   verb intransitive animate subject
#   vti   verb transitive inanimate object
#   vta   verb transitive animate object
#
#   AN    animate 
#   IN    inanimate
#
#   OBV   obviate
#   PROX  proximate
#
#   AC    Actor
#   GL    Goal
#
#   THM   theme
#   INV   inverse
#   DIR   direct
#
####

#### Word Order - Grammatical (Nishnaabemwin is free order) - wo

#### 
# Source refers to this example as desiderative, no other examples 
# of desiderative are provided in the text. Q: what are the implications 
# of inflection in this sentence, does future imply 'needs' when the subject
# is inanimate?
####

#1 vii - wo SV
Source: a:776
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
Waagaakwad wiigiinboode
Waagaakwad w-wii-giinboodeg
axe.IN.3SG 3-FUT-be+sharpened-3SG
'The axe needs sharpening'

#2 vii - wo VS
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
Wiigiinboode waagaakwad
w-wii-giinboodeg waagaakwad 
3-FUT-be+sharpened-3SG axe.IN.3SG 
'The axe needs sharpening'

#3 vii - wo VS
Source: a:542
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
Baatiinad wiiyaas
W-doo-baatiinak wiiyaas
3-PRES-be+plentiful-3SG meat.IN.3SG
'There is plenty of meat'

#4 vii - wo SV
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
Wiiyaas baatiinad 
Wiiyaas w-doo-baatiinak
meat.IN.3SG 3-PRES-be+plentiful-3SG
'There is plenty of meat'

####
# An adaptation of source, original line was:
# Giizegzi dash aw Nenbozh (that Nenabush was frightened)
####

#5 vai - wo VS
Source: a:548
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
Giizegzi Nenbozh
W-gii-zegzid Nenbozh
3-PAST-be+frightened-3SG Nenabush.AN.3SG
'Nenabush was frightened'

#6 vai - wo SV
Source: author
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
Nenbozh giizegzi 
Nenbozh w-gii-zegzid
Nenabush.AN.3SG 3-PAST-be+frightened-3SG
'Nenabush was frightened'

####
# possessed noun prefix n- is not delimited in this sentence
# Analysis of possessed nouns is not covered by the current grammar
####

#7 vai - wo VS - asp HAB
Source: a:935
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, asp
Ntaagshkigwaaso nnahaangnikwem
W-doo-ntaa-gshkigwaasod nnahaangnikwem
3-PRES-HAB.be+good+at-sew-3SG my+daughter+in+law.AN.3SG
'My daughter-in-law sews well'

#8 vai - wo SV - asp HAB
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, asp
Nnahaangnikwem Ntaagshkigwaaso
Nnahaangnikwem w-doo-ntaa-gshkigwaasod
my+daughter+in+law.AN.3SG 3-PRES-HAB.be+good+at-sew-3SG
'My daughter-in-law sews well'

#9 vta (actor 3OBV goal 3SG INV.THM) - wo SVO
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, agr
Nenbozhoon giiwwabmigoon nnahaangnikwem
Nenbozh-oon w-gii-waabmaad-igw-an nnahaangnikwem
Nenabush.AN-3.OBV 3SG.GL-PAST-see-INV.THM-3.OBV.AC my+daughter+in+law.AN.3SG
'Nenabush saw my daughter-in-law'

#10 vta (actor 3OBV goal 3SG INV.THM) - wo VSO
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, agr
Giiwwabmigoon Nenbozhoon nnahaangnikwem
W-gii-waabmaad-igw-an Nenbozh-oon nnahaangnikwem
3SG.GL-PAST-see-INV.THM-3.OBV.AC Nenabush.AN-3.OBV my+daughter+in+law.AN.3SG
'Nenabush saw my daughter-in-law'

#11 vta (actor 3OBV goal 3SG INV.THM) - wo VOS
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, agr
Giiwwabmigoon nnahaangnikwem Nenbozhoon
W-gii-waabmaad-igw-an nnahaangnikwem Nenbozh-oon
3SG.GL-PAST-see-INV.THM-3.OBV.AC my+daughter+in+law.AN.SG Nenabush.AN-3.OBV
'Nenabush saw my daughter-in-law'

#### Person/Number/Gender Agreement- agr - Grammatical

####
# vii verbs 3SG, 3PL, INAN
####

#12 vii, noun and verb agr IN.3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Giibizhaamgad jiimaanan
W-gii-bizhaamgak jiimaan
3-PAST-come-3SG boat.IN.3SG
"The canoe came"

#13 vii, noun and verb agr IN.3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Giibizhaamgadoon jiimaanan
W-gii-bizhaamgak-noon jiimaan-an
3-PAST-come-3PL boat.IN-3PL
"The canoes came"

####
# vii verbs 3SG, 3PL, INAN
####

#14 vai, noun and verb agr AN, 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Waagosh waannose
Waagosh w-doo-waannosed
fox.AN.3SG 3-PRES-walk.in.a.circle.3SG
'The fox walks in a circle'

####
# orthography is a guess for foxes
####

#15 vai, noun and verb agr AN, 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Waagoshag waannoseag
Waagosh-ag w-doo-waannosed-wag
fox.AN.PL 3-PRES-walk.in.a.circle.3PL
'the foxes walk in a circle'

#16 vti, noun and verb agr IN object, 3SG AN subject 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Nmamaa giizhitoon jiimaan
Nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-n jiimaan
my+mother.AN.3SG 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-GL.SG boat.IN.3SG
'My mother made the boat'

#17 vti, noun and verb agr IN object, 3PL AN subject 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Nmamaa giizhitoonan jiimaanan
Nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan jiimaan-an
my+mother.AN.3SG 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-GL.PL boat.IN-3PL
'My mother made the boats'

#18 vti, noun and verb agr IN object, 3PL, subject 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Nmamaag giizhitoonaawaan jiimaanan
Nmamaa-g w-gii-zhitood-oo-naawaan jiimaan-an
my+mother.AN.3PL 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-GL.PL boat.IN-3PL
'My mothers made the boats'

#19 vti, noun and verb agr IN object, 3SG AN subject 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Nmamaag giizhitoonaawaan jiimaan
Nmamaa-g w-gii-zhitood-oo-naawaan jiimaan
my+mother.AN.3PL 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-GL.SG boat.IN.3SG
'My mothers made the boat'

#20 vta goal, noun and verb agr AN 3OBV object, AN 3SG subject
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Zhiishiiban wminpawaawaan gaag
Zhiishiib-an w-doo-mnopwaad-aa-an gaag
duck.3.OBV 3SG.AC-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM-GL.3SG porcupine.AN-3SG
"The porcupine likes to eat the duck(s)"

#21 vta goal, noun and verb agr AN 3OBV object, AN 3PL subject
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Zhiishiib-an wminpawaawaawaan gaag-og
Zhiishiib-an w-doo-mnopwaad-aa-waa-an gaag-og
duck.3.OBV 3PL.AC-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM-AC.3PL-GL.3SG porcupine.AN-3PL
"Porcupines like to eat the duck"

#22 vta goal, noun and verb agr AN 3SG object, AN 3OBV subject
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Zhiishiib wminpawaagigoon gaagwan
Zhiishiib w-doo-mnopwaad-igw-an gaag-wan
duck.3SG GL.3SG-PRES-like+the+taste+of-INV.THM-AC.OBV porcupine.AN-3Obv
"Porcupines like to eat the duck"

#23 vta goal, noun and verb agr AN 3PL object, AN 3OBV subject
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr
Zhiishiibag wminpawaawaan gaagwan
Zhiishiib-ag w-doo-mnopwaad-aa-waa-an gaag-wan
duck-3PL GL.3PL-PRES-like+the+taste+of-INV.THM-GL.3PL-AC.OBV porcupine.AN-OBV
"Porcupines like to eat ducks"

#### Person/Number/Gender Agreement- agr - Ungrammatical

#24 vii, animate subject in inanimate intransitive verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agr
Nenbozh wiigiinboode
Nenbozh w-wii-giinboodeg
Nenabush 3-FUT-want.sharpening
'Nenabush needs sharpening'

#25 vai, inanimate subject in animate intransitive verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agr
Giizegzi wiiyaas
W-gii-zegzid wiiyaas
3-PAST-be.frightened meat
'The meat was frightened'

#26 vai, inanimate plural subject in animate intransitive verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agr
Giizegzi maamin jiimaanan
W-gii-zegzid maamin jiimaan-an
3-PAST-be.frightened this.3.PL boat-PL
'These boats was frightened'

#27 vti incorrect determiner for plural inanimate noun
Source: a:125
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agr
Nmamaa giizhitoonan wi jiimaanan
Nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan wi jiimaan-an
my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-PL.GL that.3.SG boat-PL
'My mother made that boats'

#28 vta, 2SG actor 3PL goal
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agr
Giin giwi kwewag nwiignawenmaag
giin giwi kwe-wag n-wii-gnawenmaad-aa-ag
you that.3.PL woman-PL 1-FUT-take.charge.of-DIR.THM-3.PL.GL
'You will take charge of those women'


#### Tense - tam - Grammatical

#29 vii past tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Waagaakwad wgiigiinboode
Waagaakwad w-gii-giinboodeg
axe.AN.3SG 3-PAST-be+sharpened.3SG
'The axe was needed to be sharpened'

#30 vii present tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Waagaakwad wdoogiinboode
Waagaakwad w-doo-giinboodeg
axe.AN.SG 3-PRES-be+sharpened.3SG
'The axe needs sharpening'

#31 vii future tense
Source: a:16.56/775
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Wiigsinaamgad
W-wii-gsinaag
3-FUT-be+cold.3SG
"It will be cold"

#32 vai present tense
Source: a:16.3/760
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Ndoommaangshkiinzhgwe
N-doo-mmaangshkiinzhgwed
1SG-PRES-have+big+eyes.1SG
"I have big eyes"

#33 vai future tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Nwiimmaangshkiinzhgwe
N-wii-mmaangshkiinzhgwed
1SG-FUT-have+big+eyes
"I will have big eyes"

#34 vai past tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Ngiimmaangshkiinzhgwe
N-gii-mmaangshkiinzhgwed
1SG-PAST-have+big+eyes
"I had big eyes"

#35 vti present tense
Source: a:16.1/759
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Nwaabndaan jiimaan
N-doo-waabmdang-am-n jiimaan
1SG-see-THM1.VTI-INAN.GL boat.IN.3SG
"I see the boat"

#36 vti past tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Ngiiwaabndaan jiimaan
N-gii-waabmdang-am-n jiimaan
1SG-see-THM1.VTI-INAN.GL boat.IN.3SG
"I saw the boat"

#37 vti future tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Nwiiwaabndaan jiimaan
N-wii-waabmdang-am-n jiimaan
1SG-see-THM1.VTI-INAN.GL boat.IN.3SG
"I will see the boat"

#38 vta  AN 3PL object, AN 3OBV subject future tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Zhiishiibag wwiiminpawaawaan gaagwan
Zhiishiib-ag w-wii-mnopwaad-aa-waa-an gaag-wan
duck-3PL GL.3PL-FUT-like+the+taste+of-INV.THM-GL.3PL-AC.OBV porcupine.AN-OBV
"Porcupines will like to eat ducks"

#39 vta  AN 3PL object, AN 3OBV subject past tense
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Zhiishiibag wgiiminpawaawaan gaagwan
Zhiishiib-ag w-gii-mnopwaad-aa-waa-an gaag-wan
duck-3PL GL.3PL-PAST-like+the+taste+of-INV.THM-GL.3PL-AC.OBV porcupine.AN-OBV
"Porcupines liked to eat ducks"


#### Tense - tam - Ungrammatical

#40 vta goal
Source: author (cf. 18.7/933)
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, pres, pl
Zhiishiiban wminpawaawaan giw gaagog
Zhiishiib-an w-mnopwaad-aa-waa-an giw gaag-og
duck-3.OBV 3-like.the.taste.of-DIR.THM-PL.AC-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.PL.those porcupine-PL
"Porcupines like to eat ducks"


#41 vta, Past tense morpheme must not precede personal prefix
Source: author (cf a:12.209/590)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, past
Giiwdbaajmaan niw shkiniigkwen
Gii-w-dbaajmaad-aa-an niw shkiniigkwe-n
PAST-3-tell.about-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.OBV.that young.woman-3.OBV
"He talked about that young woman"

#### Determiners det Grammatical ####

#42 vii 
Source: a:18.53/952
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: det
Giibizhaamgadoon nswi jiimaanan
W-gii-bizhaamgak-noon nswi jiimaan-an
3-PAST-come-PL three boat-PL
"Three canoes came"


#### Aspect - asp - Grammatical

#43 vai asp 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: asp
Ntaagshkigwaaso waagosh
W-doo-ntaa-gshkigwaasod waagosh
3-PRES-HAB-be.good.at.sewing fox.AN.3SG
'The fox is good at sewing'

#44 vai
Source: a:16.130/795
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: asp
Ngiiboonizhooshkwaademin
N-gii-booni-zhooshkwaaded-min
1-PAST-END-skate-1PL
"We quit skating"

#45 vai
Source: a:16.130/795
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: asp
Ngiimaajiizhooshkwaademin
N-gii-maajii-zhooshkwaaded-min
1-PAST-BEGIN-skate-1PL
"We began skating"

#46 vai
Source: a:16.130/795
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: asp
Ngiiwebizhooshkwaademin
N-gii-webi-zhooshkwaaded-min
1-PAST-BEGIN-skate-1PL
"We started skating"

#47 vai
Source: a:16.130/795
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: asp
Ngiigiizhizhooshkwaademin
N-gii-giizhi-zhooshkwaaded-min
1-PAST-END-skate-1PL
"We finished skating"

#48 vai
Source: a:16.130/795
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: asp
Ngiishkwaazhooshkwaademin
N-gii-shkwaa-zhooshkwaaded-min
1-PAST-END-skate-1PL
"We quit skating"

#### Aspect - tam - Ungrammatical

#49 vai asp ntaa must be next to the verb stem
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: asp
Ntaagshkigwaaso nnahaangnikwem
W-ntaa-doo-gshkigwaasod nnahaangnikwem
3-HAB-PRES-be.good.at.sewing my.daughter.in.law
'My daughter-in-law is good at sewing'

#50 was 2.28 in Lab 3 aspect marker must be adjacent to verb
Source: author (cf a:935)
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: asp
Ntaagshkigwaaso nnahaangnikwem
Ntaa-w-doo-gshkigwaasod nnahaangnikwem
HAB-3-PRES-be.good.at.sewing my.daughter.in.law
'My daughter-in-law is good at sewing'

#### Negation

#51 vii neg
Source: author
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
Waagaakwad giinboodesii
Waagaakwad w-doo-giinboodeg-sii
axe PRES-be.sharpened.SG
'The axe doesn't need sharpening'

#52 vai
Source: a:12.315/620
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
Gaa giinbaasii wiin
Gaawii w-gii-nbaad-sii wiin
not 3-PAST-sleep-NEG 3.ANIM.SG
"He did not sleep"

#53 vai neg
Source: a:16.305/838
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
Gaa wii giinaagzisii
Gaawii w-gii-naagzid-sii
not 3-PAST-be.visible-NEG
"He was not visible"

#54 vti neg
Source: a:16.1/759
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Nwaabndaan jiimaan
N-doo-waabmdang-am-sii-n jiimaan
1SG-PRES-see-THM1.VTI-NEG-INAN.GL boat.IN.3SG
"I did not see the boat"

#55 vta  AN 3PL object, AN 3OBV subject past tense neg
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
Zhiishiibag wgiiminpawaawaan gaagwan
Zhiishiib-ag w-gii-mnopwaad-aa-sii-waa-an gaag-wan
duck-3PL GL.3PL-PAST-like+the+taste+of-INV.THM-GL.3PL-AC.OBV porcupine.AN-OBV
"Porcupines liked to eat ducks"


#### Argument optionality

#56 vta, actor 3PL goal 3SG OBV
Source: a:16.315/840
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: neg
Gonda gaa wii wgiiwaabmaasiiwaan
Ganda gaawii w-gii-waabmaad-aa-sii-waa-an
3.ANIM.PL.these not 3-PAST-see-DIR.THM-NEG-3.OBV.GL
"These men did not see him"


#57 vii, pro-d argument optionality IN.SG 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d
giinboode
w-doo-giinboodeg
3-FUT-be+sharpened.3SG
'it(IN.SG) needs sharpening'

####
# orthography is a guess
####

#58 vii 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d
giinboodnoon
w-doo-giinboodeg-noon
3-FUT-be+sharpened.3PL
'they(IN.PL) need sharpening'

#59 vii, pro-d argument optionality - 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr, pro-d
Giibizhaamgad
W-gii-bizhaamgak
3-PAST-come-3SG
"They (IN.3SG) came"

####
# orthography is a guess just added noon to the end of the word
####

#60 vii, pro-d argument optionality - 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr, pro-d
Giibizhaamgadnoon
W-gii-bizhaamgak-noon
3-PAST-come-3PL
"They (IN.3PL) came"



#61 vii 
Source: author
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d
giinboode
w-doo-giinboodeg
3SG-INAM.FUT-be.sharpened.SG
'INSG needs sharpening'


#62 vai, noun and verb agr AN, pro-d arg optionality 1SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr, pro-d
waannose
n-doo-waannosed
1-PRES-walk+in+a+circle.1SG
'I walk in a circle'

#63 vta actor 3PL goal 3OBV
Source: a:12.67/549
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tam
Wgiibaatiina'haawaan binoojiinyan
W-gii-baatiinhaad-aa-waa-an binoojiinh-an
3-PAST-have+many child-3.OBV
"They had many children"

#64 vta, actor 3SG goal 3SG OBV
Source: a:12.209/590
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vta, past
Wgiidbaajmaan niw shkiniigkwen
W-gii-dbaajmaad-aa-an niw shkiniigkwe-n
3-PAST-tell.about-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.OBV.that young.woman-3.OBV
"He talked about that young woman"

#65 vta actor 3SG goal 3PL OBV
Source: a:12.163/577
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vta, past
Wgiiwaabmaan niw zhiishiiban
W-gii-waabmaad-am-aa-an niw zhiishiib-an
3-PAST-see-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.OBV.that duck-3.OBV
"He saw those ducks"

#66 vta actor 3SG goal 1SG
Source: a:12.346/629
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vta, past
Ngiimbwaachhig
N-gii-nbwaachhaad-igw
1-PAST-visit-INV.THM
"He visited me"


#67 vti
Source: a:13.1/648
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vti, past
Aankonaanyan ngiimiijnan
Aankonaanh-an n-gii-miijid-am-nan
cracker-3.INAN.PL 1-PAST-eat-THM1.VTI-3.INAN.PL.GL
"I ate crackers"


#### Demonstratives/Definiteness - Pronouns - pn

#68 vai
Source: a:101
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pn, agr
Maaba waagosh waannose
Maaba waagosh w-doo-waannosed
this.3.SG fox 3-PRES-walk.in.a.circle
'this fox walks in a circle'

#69 vti
Source: a:125
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn
Nmamaa giizhitoonan maamin jiimaanan
Nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan maamin jiimaan-an
my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.PL.GL this.3.PL boat-PL
'My mother made these boats'

#70 vai was 9 in Lab 3
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn
Maaba nishnaabe moonshkwed
Maaba nishnaabe w-doo-moonhashkiwed
this.3.SG Indian 3-PRES-weed
'This Indian is weeding'

#71 vai, changed to det-noun
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn
Giizegzi maaba nishnaabe
W-gii-zegzid maaba nishnaabe
3-PAST-be.frightened this.3.SG Indian
'This Indian was frightened'

#72 vta, actor 1SG goal 3PL edited with new suffix chart
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn
Niin giwi kwewag nwiignawenmaag
Niin giwi kwe-wag n-wii-gnawenmaad-aa-ag
I that.3.PL woman-PL 1-FUT-take.charge.of-DIR.THM-3.PL.GL
'I will take charge of those women'

#73 vai
Source: a:613
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn
Giin ggiimmaazhiiwii
Giin g-gii-maazhiiwiid
you 2-PAST-do.poorly
'You did poorly'

#74 vti
Source: a:216
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn, def
Wjiigdahaan wi wiigwaam wa kwe
W-doo-jiigdahang-am-n wi wiigwaam wa kwe
3-PRES-sweep.out-THM1.VTI that.3.SG house that.3.SG woman
'That women is sweeping out that house'

#75 vta, actor 3SG goal 3PL OBV edited with new suffix chart
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn, def
Wgiiwwabmaan wa kwe niwi binoojiinyan
W-gii-waabmaad-aa-an wa kwe niwi binoojiinh-an
3-PAST-see-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL that.3.SG woman that.3.PL child-OBV
'That woman saw the children'

#76 vta, actor 3PL goal 3SG OBV NEEDS EDITING
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn, def
Nanda kwewag wgiiwwabmigoon niwi binoojiinyan
Nanda kwe-wag w-gii-waabmaad-aa-waa-an niwi binoojiinh-ag
this.3.SG woman-OBV 3-PAST-see-INV.THM-3.OBV.GL that.3.PL child-PL
'Those children saw the woman'

#77 vta, actor 3SG goal 3PL OBV
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn, indef
Bezhig wa nishnaabe wgiiwwababmaan binoojiinyan
Bezhig wa nishnaabe w-gii-waabmaad-aa-an binoojiinh-an
one that.3.SG Indian 3-PAST-see-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL child-OBV
'This one Indian saw children'

#78 vta, actor 3SG goal 3PL OBV
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn, indef
Bezhig nishnaabe wgiiwwababmaan binoojiinyan
Bezhig nishnaabe w-gii-waabmaad-aa-an binoojiinh-an
one Indian 3-PAST-see-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL child-OBV
'One Indian saw children'

#79 vai
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, pn, indef
Giimaajaad bezhig nishnaabe
W-gii-maajaad bezhig nishnaabe
3-PAST-leave one Indian
'An Indian left'

#80 vai
Source: a:12.15/534
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vai, fut, indef
Waya danbo
Waya w-wii-nbod
3.SG.PROX 3-FUT-die
"Someone will die"

#81 vai
Source: a:12.110/562
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vai, past, pn
Giinshkaadzi maaba gchibne
W-gii-nshkaadzid maaba gchibne
3-PAST-be.angry 3.ANIM.SG.this big.partridge
"This big partridge was angry"

#82 vti
Source: a:13.132/700
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vti, pres, def
Aw kwe ndazhtamaag nbabgiwyaan
Aw kwe w-doo-zhitood-am-n nbabgiwyaan
3.ANIM.SG.that woman 1-PRES-make.for-INV.THM my.shirt
"That woman is making me a shirt"

#83 vta, NEEDS EDITING
Source: a:12.352/631
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vta, past, def
Niw kwewan wgiignawenmigwaan giw binoojiinyag
Niw kwe-wan w-gii-gnawenmaad-igw-waa-an giw binoojiinh-ag
3.ANIM.OBV.that woman-OBV 3-PAST-take.care.of-INV.THM-PL.AC-3.PL.GL 3.ANIM.PL.those child-PL
"The women took care of the children"

#84 vta, NEEDS EDITING
Source: a:12.351/631
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vta, past, def
Giw kwewag wgiignawenmaawaan niw binoojiinyan
Giw kwe-wag w-gii-gnawenmaad-aa-waa-an niw binoojiinh-an
3.ANIM.PL.those woman-PL 3-PAST-take.care.of-DIR.THM-PL.AC-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.OBV.that child-OBV
"The women took care of the children"

#85 vti
Source: a:3.60/154
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vti, past
Gaasmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo-n
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.GL
"He made a sailboat"

#############################
# Coordinated constructions #
#############################

# Sentences

#104 coordination
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: mono coord
Gassmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon gye go nmamaa giizhitoonan maamin jiimaanan
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo-n gye nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan maamin jiimaan-an
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.GL COORD my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.PL.GL this.3.PL boat-PL
'He made a sailboat and my mother made these boats'

#105 monosyndeton
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: mono coord
Gassmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon, nmamaa giizhitoonan maamin jiimaanan, gye giibizhaamgadoon jiimaanan
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo-n, nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan maamin jiimaan-an, gye w-gii-bizhaamgak-noon jiimaan-an
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.GL my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.PL.GL this.3.PL boat-PL COORD 3-PAST-come-3PL boat.IN-3PL
'He made a sailboat, my mother made these boats, and the canoes came'

#106 polysyndeton
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: poly coord
Gassmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon miinwaa nmamaa giizhitoonan maamin jiimaanan miinwaa giibizhaamgadoon jiimaanan
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo-n miinwaa nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan maamin jiimaan-an miinwaa w-gii-bizhaamgak-noon jiimaan-an
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.GL COORD my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.PL.GL this.3.PL boat-PL COORD 3-PAST-come-3PL boat.IN-3PL
'He made a sailboat, my mother made these boats, and the canoes came'

#106B asyndeton
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: poly coord
Gassmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon, nmamaa giizhitoonan maamin jiimaanan, giibizhaamgadoon jiimaanan
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo-n, nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan maamin jiimaan-an, w-gii-bizhaamgak-noon jiimaan-an
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.GL my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.PL.GL this.3.PL boat-PL 3-PAST-come-3PL boat.IN-3PL
'He made a sailboat, my mother made these boats, and the canoes came'

#107 coordination
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: mono coord
Gassmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon miinwaa nmamaa giizhitoonan maamin jiimaanan
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo-n miinwaa nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan maamin jiimaan-an
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.GL COORD my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.PL.GL this.3.PL boat-PL
'He made a sailboat and my mother made these boats'

#108 monosyndeton
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: mono coord
Gassmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon, nmamaa giizhitoonan maamin jiimaanan, miinwaa giibizhaamgadoon jiimaanan
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo-n, nmamaa w-gii-zhitood-oo-nan maamin jiimaan-an, miinwaa w-gii-bizhaamgak-noon jiimaan-an
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.GL my.mother 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI-INAN.PL.GL this.3.PL boat-PL COORD 3-PAST-come-3PL boat.IN-3PL
'He made a sailboat, my mother made these boats, and the canoes came'

# Nouns

#112 coordinands need not agree, but verb agrees with first one
Source: author (cf 18.223/996)
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agr coord
Ndamnopwaa bkwezhigan miinwaa doodooshaaboo
N-doo-mnopwaad-aa bkwezhigan miinwaa doodooshaaboo
1-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM bread COORD milk
'I like bread and milk'

#113 coordinands need not agree but verb agrees with first one
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agr coord
Ndamnopwaa doodooshaaboo miinwaa bkwezhigan
N-doo-mnopwaad-aa doodooshaaboo miinwaa bkwezhigan
1-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM milk COORD bread
'I like milk and bread'

#114
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: coord with pronon
Niin miinwaa niizh kwewag ndoontaagshkigwaaso
Niin miinwaa niizh kwe-wag n-doo-ntaa-gshkigwaasod
I COORD two woman-PL 1-PRES-HAB-be.good.at.sewing
'Two women and I are good at sewing'

#115
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: coord
Nenbozhoon giiwwabmigoon nnahaangnikwem gye nmamaa
Nenbozh-oon w-gii-waabmaad-igw-an nnahaangnikwem gye nmamaa
Nenabush.AN-3.OBV 3SG.GL-PAST-see-INV.THM-3.OBV.AC my+daughter+in+law.AN.3SG COORD my.mother
'Nenabush saw my daughter-in-law and my mother'

#116
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: coord
Nenbozhoon giiwwabmigoon nnahaangnikwem gye aw nmamaa
Nenbozh-oon w-gii-waabmaad-igw-an nnahaangnikwem gye aw nmamaa
Nenabush.AN-3.OBV 3SG.GL-PAST-see-INV.THM-3.OBV.AC my+daughter+in+law.AN.3SG COORD that.3.SG my.mother
'Nenabush saw my daughter-in-law and my mother'

#117
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: coord
Nenbozhoon giiwwabmigoon nnahaangnikwem miinwaa nmamaa
Nenbozh-oon w-gii-waabmaad-igw-an nnahaangnikwem miinwaa nmamaa
Nenabush.AN-3.OBV 3SG.GL-PAST-see-INV.THM-3.OBV.AC my+daughter+in+law.AN.3SG COORD my.mother
'Nenabush saw my daughter-in-law and my mother'

#####
# Yes/No Questions
#####

#115 particle comes second
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Waagaakwad na wiigiinboode?
Waagaakwad na w-wii-giinboodeg
axe.IN.3SG QUES 3-FUT-be+sharpened-3SG
'Does the axe need sharpening?'

#116 particle does not come first
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: yn
Na waagaakwad wiigiinboode?
Na waagaakwad w-gii-giinboodeg
QUES axe.IN.3SG 3-FUT-be+sharpened-3SG
'Does the axe need sharpening?'

#117
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Giizegzi na Nenbozh?
W-gii-zegzid na Nenbozh
3-PAST-be+frightened.3SG QUES Nenabush.AN.3SG
'Was Nenabush frightened?'

#118
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Nenbozh na giizegzi?
Nenbozh na w-gii-zegzid
Nenabush.AN.3SG QUES 3-PAST-be+frightened.3SG
'Was it Nenabush who was frightened?'

#119
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Zhiishiiban na wminpawaawaan gaag?
Zhiishiib-an na w-doo-mnopwaad-aa-an gaag
duck-3.OBV QUES 3SG.AC-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM-GL.3SG porcupine.AN.3SG
'Is it ducks that porcupines like to eat?'

#120
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Gaag na zhiishiiban wminpawaawaan?
Gaag na zhiishiib-an w-doo-mnopwaad-aa-an
porcupine.AN.3SG QUES duck-3.OBV 3SG.AC-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM-GL.3SG
'Is it porcupines that like to eat ducks?'

#121
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Wminpawaawaan na zhiishiiban gaag?
W-doo-mnopwaad-aa-an na zhiishiib-an gaag
3GS.AC-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM-GL.3SG QUES duck-3.OBV porcupine.AN.3SG
'Is eating something that porcupines like to do to ducks?'

#122
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: yn
Zhiishiiban wminpawaawaan na gaag?
Zhiishiib-an w-doo-mnopwaad-aa-an
duck-3.OBV 3SG.AC-PRES-like+the+taste+of-DIR.THM-GL.3SG QUES porcupine.AN-3SG
'Is eating something that porcupines like to do to ducks?'

#123
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Ndoommaangshkiinzhgwe na?
N-doo-mmaangshkiinzhgwed na
1SG-PRES-have+big+eyes.1SG QUES
'Do I have big eyes?'

#124
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: yn
Na ndoommaangshkiinzhgwe?
Na n-doo-mmaangshkiinzhgwed
QUES 1SG-PRES-have+big+eyes.1SG
'Do I have big eyes?'

#125
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Maaba na nishnaabe moonshkwed?
Maaba na nishnaabe w-doo-moonhashkiwed
this.3.SG QUES 3-PRES-weed
'Is it this Indian who is weeding?'

#126
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: yn
Maaba nishnaabe na moonshkwed
Maaba nishnaabe na w-doo-moonhashkiwed
this.3SG.Indian QUES 3-PRES-weed
'Is it this Indian who is weeding?'

#127
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: yn
Moonshkwed na maaba nishnaabe?
W-doo-moonhashkiwed na maaba nishnaabe
3-PRES-weed QUES this.3.SG Indian
'Is it weeding that this Indian is doing?'

#128
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: yn
Maaba nishnaabe moonshkwed na?
Maaba nishnaabe w-doo-moonhashkiwed na
this.3.Sg Indian 3-PRES-weed QUES
'Is it weeding that this Indian is doing?'

#####
# UNGRAMMATICAL EXAMPLES
#####

#86 vta Pronoun does not agree with duck in obviation, and both arguments are proximate
Source: author (cf a:12.163/577)
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, past
Wgiiwaabmaan niw zhiishiibag
W-gii-waabmaad-am-aa-an niw zhiishiib-ag
3-PAST-see-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.OBV.that duck-PL
"He saw those ducks"

#87 vta, Past tense morpheme must not precede personal prefix
Source: author (cf a:12.346/629)
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, past
Giinmbwaachhig
Gii-n-nbwaachhaad-igw
PAST-1-visit-INV.THM
"He visited me"

#88 vai, Verb must show negative inflection
Source: author (cf a:16.305/838)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vai, neg, past
Gaa wii giinaagzi
Gaawii w-gii-naagzid
not 3-PAST-be.visible
"He was not visible"

#89 vai Must have negative adverb
Source: author (cf a:16.305/838)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vai, neg, past
Giinaagzisii
W-gii-naagzid-sii
3-PAST-be.visible-NEG
"He was not visible"

#90 vii, Personal prefix required
Source: author (cf a:16.56/775)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vii, fut
Wiigsinaamgad
Wii-gsinnag
FUT-be.cold
"It will be cold"

#91 vti, vti verbs cannot take animate objects
Source: author (cf a:16.1/759)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vti, pres
Nwaabndaan binoojinh
N-waabmdang-and-am-n binoojiinh
1-see-THM1.VTI-INAN.GL child
"I see a child"

#92 vai, Present tense prefix required
Source: author (cf a:16.3/760)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vai, pres
Nmmaangshkiinzhgwe
N-mmaangshkiinzhgwed
1-have.big.eyes
"I have big eyes"

#93 vta, Both subject and object are proximate
Source: author (cf a:12.67/549)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, past
Wgiibaatiin'haawaan binoojiinyag
W-gii-baatiinhaad-aa-waa-an binoojiinh-ag
3-PAST-have.many child-PL
"They had many children"

#94 vta, Negative suffix required
Source: author (cf a:16.315/840)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, past, neg
Gonda gaa wii wgiiwaabmaan
Gonda gaawii w-gii-waabmaad-aa-an
3.ANIM.PL.these not 3-PAST-see-DIR.THM-3.OBV.GL
"These men did not see him"

#95 vta actor 3OBV goal 3PL need proper feature constraints on gaag
Source: author (cf. 18.7/933)
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: vta, pres, pl
Zhiishiiban wminpawaawaan giw gaagog
Zhiishiib-an w-doo-mnopwaad-igw-waa-an giw gaag-og
duck-3.OBV 3-PRES-like.the.taste.of-DIR.THM-PL.AC-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.PL.those porcupine-PL
"Porcupines like to eat ducks"

#96 vta, Must have personal prefix
Source: author (cf a:13.1/648)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vti, past
Aankonaanyan giimiijnan
Aankonaanh-an gii-miijid-am-an
cracker-3.INAN.PL PAST-eat-THM1.VTI-3.INAN.PL.GL
"I ate crackers"

#97 vii, Must have personal prefix
Source: author (cf a:18.53/952)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vii, past, asp, pl, quant
Nswi giibizhaamgadoon jiimaanan
Nswi gii-bizhaamgak-oon jiimaan-an
three PAST-come-PL boat-PL
"Three canoes came"

#98 vii, Pronoun giw does not agree in obviation with kwewan
Source: author (cf a:12.352/631)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, past
Giw kwewan wgiignawenmigwaan giw binoojiinyag
Giw kwe-wan w-gii-gnawenmaad-igw-waa-an giw binoojiinh-ag
3.ANIM.PL.that woman-OBV 3-PAST-take.care.of-INV.THM-PL.AC-3.PL.GL 3.ANIM.PL.those child-PL
"The women took care of the children"

#99 vta, Pronoun niw does not agree in obviation with binoojiinyag
Source: author (cf a:12.351/631)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, past
Giw kwewag wgiignawenmaawaan niw binoojiinyag
Giw kwe-wag w-gii-gnawenmaad-aa-waa-an niw binoojiinh-ag
3.ANIM.PL.those woman-PL 3-PAST-take.care.of-DIR.THM-PL.AC-3.OBV.GL 3.ANIM.OBV.that child-PL
"The women took care of the children"

#100 vta Must have negative adverb
Source: author (cf a:12.315/620)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vai, past, neg
Giinbaasii wiin
W-gii-nbaad-sii wiin
3-PAST-sleep-NEG 3.ANIM.SG
"He did not sleep"

#101 vai, Must have personal prefix
Source: author (cf a:12.110/562)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vai, past, pn
Giinshkaadzi maaba gchibne
gii-nshkaadzid maaba gchibne
PAST-be.angry 3.ANIM.SG.this big.partridge
"This big partridge was angry"

#102 vta,  Incorrect personal prefix -- since first person is involved it should be n-
Source: author (cf a:13.132/700)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vta, pres
Aw kwe dazhtamaag nbabgiwyaan
Aw kwe w-doo-zhitood-mawaad-igw nbabgiwyaan
3.ANIM.SG.that woman 3-PRES-make.for-INV.THM my.shirt
"That woman is making me a shirt"

#103 was 3.40 in Lab 3 Missing inanimate goal suffix at the end
Source: author (cf a:3.60/154)
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: vti, past
Gaasmoonijiimaan wgiiwzhitoon
Gaasmoonijiimaan w-gii-wzhitaatood-oo
sailboat 3-PAST-make-THM2.VTI
"He made a sailboat"

