Language: Russian
Language code: rus
Author: Gracheva, Suskic
Date: January 13, 2009
Source a: Cubberley (2002). Russian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Source b: Wade, Terence (1992). A Comprehensive Russian Grammar. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.


#1 Comment: Russian is a free word order language, so we only have grammatical examples for this part.  
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Ivan kupil        sobaku.
Ivan kup-i-l      sobak-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PST dog-ACC.SG
Ivan bought a dog.

#2
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Sobaku      kupil        Ivan.
sobak-u     kup-i-l      Ivan
Dog-ACC.SG  buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan
Ivan bought a dog.

#3
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Kupil        Ivan sobaku.
Kup-i-l      Ivan sobak-u
Buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan dog-ACC
Ivan bought a dog.

#4
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Sobaku     kupil        Ivan.
Sobak-u    kup-i-l      Ivan
Dog-ACC.SG buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan
Ivan bought a dog.

#5
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Ivan sobaku      kupil.
Ivan sobak-u     kup-i-l
Ivan dog-ACC.3SG buy-3.SG-PRS
Ivan bought a dog.

#6
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Sobaku     Ivan kupil.
Sobak-u    Ivan kup-i-l
Dog-ACC.SG Ivan-3.SG-PRS
Ivan bought a dog.

#7
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Ivan kupil        knigu.
Ivan kup-i-l      knig-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PRS book-ACC.SG
Ivan bought a book.

#8
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Knigu       kupil       Ivan.
Knig-u      kup-i-l      Ivan
Book-ACC.SG buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan
Ivan bought a book.

#9
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Ivan spit.
Ivan sp-i-t
Ivan sleep-3.SG-PRS
Ivan is sleeping.

#10
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Spit           Ivan.
Sp-i-t         Ivan
Sleep-3.SG-PRS Ivan
Ivan is sleeping.

#11
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Sobaka  spit.
Sobaka  sp-i-t
Dog-NOM sleep-3.SG-PRS
The doog is sleeping.

#12
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: word order
Spit           sobaka.
Sp-i-t         sobaka
Sleep-3.SG-PRS sobaka-NOM
The dog is sleeping.

#13 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun
On     spit.
On     sp-i-t
He.NOM sleep-3.SG-PRS
He is sleeping.  

#14 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun
Spit            on.
Sp-i-t          on   
Sleep--3.SG-PRS he.NOM 
He is sleeping.  

#15 comment: nominative case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
Sobaka spit.
Sobak-a sp-i-t
Dog-NOM sleep-3.SG-PRS
The dog is sleeping.

#16 comment: nominative case 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
Sobaku spit.
Sobak-u sp-it
'Dog-ACC sleep-PRS.3SG'
intended: The dog is sleeping.

#17 comment: genitive case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
Sobaka Ivana spit.
Sobak-a Ivan-a   sp-i-t
Dog-NOM Ivan-GEN sleep-3.SG-PRS
Ivan's dog is sleeping.

#18 comment: genitive case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
Sobaka  Ivana    spit.
Sobak-a Ivan-u   sp-i-t
Dog-NOM Ivan-DAT sleep-3.SG-PRS
intended: Ivan's dog is sleeping.

#19 comment: dative case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
Ivan kupil         sobake   knigu.
Ivan kup-i-l       sobak-e  knig-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PRS  dog-DAT  book-ACC
Ivan bought a book for the dog.  

#20 comment: dative case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
Ivan kupil         sobake   knigu.
Ivan kup-i-l       sobak-a  knig-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PRS  dog-NOM  book-ACC
intended: Ivan bought a book for the dog. 

#21 comment: accusative case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
Ivan da-l          sobake   knigu.
Ivan da-l          sobak-e  knig-u
Ivan give-3SG.PST  dog-DAT  book-ACC
Ivan gave a book to the dog.

#22 comment: accusative case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
Ivan dal          sobake   kniga.
Ivan da-l         sobak-e  knig-a
Ivan give-3SG.PST dog-DAT  book-NOM
intended: Ivan gave a book to the dog.

#23 comment: instrumental case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
Ivan letit         samoljotom.
Ivan let-i-t       samoljot-om
Ivan fly-3.SG-PRS  plane-INST
Ivan is flying by plane.

#24 comment: instrumental case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
Ivan letit         samoljotom.
Ivan let-i-t       samoljot-u
Ivan fly-3.SG-PRS  plane-DAT
intended: Ivan is flying by plane.  

#25 comment: prepositional case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
Ivan letit         v  samoljote.
Ivan let-i-t       v  samoljot-e
Ivan fly-3.SG-PRS  in plane-PREP
Ivan is flying in the plane.

#26 comment: prepositional case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
Ivan letit        v  samoljote.
Ivan let-i-t      v  samoljot
Ivan fly-3.SG-PRS in plane.NOM
intended: Ivan is flying in the plane.   

#27 comment: The Rest of the NP: use of determiners. In Russian determiners are optional; they come before the NP and adjectives can come 
#after/before NP, so we have only one grammatical case.  If we place determiners after the NP, the sentence will still be grammatical because they
#will be considered to be adjectives.  
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: determiners
Jeta     sobaka  spit.
Jet-a    sobak-a sp-i-t
This-FEM dog-NOM sleep-3.SG-PRS
This dog is sleeping.


