Lab 2 Writeup
LING 567
Gracheva, Suskic



//WORD ORDER
The word order in Russian is free.  That is, due to the inflectedness of the language, in the majority of the cases the subject (S), object (O), and verb (V) can come in different order.  Even though the SVO appears to be more common, the orders SVO, SOV, OSV, OVS, VSO, VOS are possible as well (although the intonation of the sentence is slightly changed which each word order).  The exception to this rule is when S and O have the same morphological form both when being a direct object and an indirect object, i.e. in the case "Matj ljubit dochj", with matj[CASE nom]= matj[CASE acc] and dochj[CASE nom]=dochj[CASE acc], in which case the SVO order is required.  Since this appears to be an exception, we are treating Russian as a free word order language in this grammar.  Thus, the examples #1 through #12 with varying word order are all grammatical.

#1 Comment: Russian is a free word order language, so we only have grammatical examples for this part.  
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Ivan kupil        sobaku.
Ivan kup-i-l      sobak-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PST dog-ACC.SG
Ivan bought a dog.

#2
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Sobaku      kupil        Ivan.
sobak-u     kup-i-l      Ivan
Dog-ACC.SG  buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan
Ivan bought a dog.

#3
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Kupil        Ivan sobaku.
Kup-i-l      Ivan sobak-u
Buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan dog-ACC
Ivan bought a dog.

#4
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Sobaku     kupil        Ivan.
Sobak-u    kup-i-l      Ivan
Dog-ACC.SG buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan
Ivan bought a dog.

#5
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Ivan sobaku      kupil.
Ivan sobak-u     kup-i-l
Ivan dog-ACC.3SG buy-3.SG-PRS
Ivan bought a dog.

#6
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Sobaku     Ivan kupil.
Sobak-u    Ivan kup-i-l
Dog-ACC.SG Ivan-3.SG-PRS
Ivan bought a dog.

#7
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Ivan kupil        knigu.
Ivan kup-i-l      knig-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PRS book-ACC.SG
Ivan bought a book.

#8
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {word order}
Knigu       kupil       Ivan.
Knig-u      kup-i-l      Ivan
Book-ACC.SG buy-3.SG-PRS Ivan
Ivan bought a book.

To model this, we defined word order as "free" in the section=word-order.  

section=word-order
word-order=free
has-dets=yes
noun-det-order=det-noun
has-aux=no



//PRONOUNS
In Russian pronouns typically have the same distribution as nouns.  This is illustrated by examples #13 and #14, in which pronouns appear in the same positions that nouns do, i.e. following the free word order.  

#13 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {pronoun}
On     spit.
On     sp-i-t
He.NOM sleep-3.SG-PRS
He is sleeping.  

#14 
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {pronoun}
Spit            on.
Sp-i-t          on   
Sleep--3.SG-PRS he.NOM 
He is sleeping.  

Like in English, pronouns don't typically occur with determiners (author, this info is not found in our references).  For example, "jetot on" ("this he") is an ungrammatical phrase, but "jeta kniga" ("this book") is grammatical.  But we are not dealing with determiners occurring with pronouns for this Lab yet, i.e. we model the pronouns as nouns, also specifying their determiner feature as optional:

 noun3_name=pronoun-3rd-sg-masc
    noun3_feat1_name=number
    noun3_feat1_value=sg
    noun3_feat2_name=person
    noun3_feat2_value=3rd
    noun3_feat3_name=gender
    noun3_feat3_value=masc
  noun3_det=opt
    noun3_stem1_orth=on
    noun3_stem1_pred=_he_n_rel


//CASE
Russian has 6 cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional (locative)), each of which is marked morphologically on the noun.  Examples #15 through #26 illustrate the use of the case system in Russian.  The choice of the case marker depends on the class that the nouns belong to.  For example, the nouns "sobaka" and "kniga" belong to the CLASS II nouns with hard stems, i.e. in they will have suffix (ending) "e" in Dative case, as in example #19 below.  In #20 the case marker is not a Dative case marker and the sentence is ungrammatical.  

#19 comment: dative case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {case}
Ivan kupil         sobake   knigu.
Ivan kup-i-l       sobak-e  knig-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PRS  dog-DAT  book-ACC
Ivan bought a book for the dog.  

#20 comment: dative case
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: u
Phenomena: {case}
Ivan kupil         sobake   knigu.
Ivan kup-i-l       sobak-a  knig-u
Ivan buy-3.SG-PRS  dog-NOM  book-ACC
intended: Ivan bought a book for the dog.

In order to model this, we defined a case inflection slot that takes nouns as an input.  For example, for the dative case (as in example #19 above), one of the morphemes in this slot is the dative case marker "e".  This marker appears after the stem and constraints the CASE of the noun to be "dative". Below is the example from the choices file for the dative case for the 3SG.FEM noun:  

 noun-slot1_name=suffix-3rd-sg-fem
  noun-slot1_order=after
    noun-slot1_input1_type=noun1
    noun-slot1_morph3_name=3rd-sg-fem-dat
    noun-slot1_morph3_orth=e
      noun-slot1_morph3_feat1_name=case
      noun-slot1_morph3_feat1_value=dative



//THE REST OF THE NP
In Russian determiners are optional; they come before the NP and adjectives can come after/before NP, so we have only one grammatical case.  If we place determiners after the NP, the sentence will still be grammatical because then they will be considered to be adjectives. Thus, the only example that we have in Test Suite for the Lab2 is a grammatical example #27 below, in which the determiner precedes the noun.  

#27
Source: a, e
Vetted: t
Judgment: g
Phenomena: {determiners}
Jeta     sobaka  spit.
Jet-a    sobak-a sp-i-t
This-FEM dog-NOM sleep-3.SG-PRS
This dog is sleeping.

We model this by specifying the order of noun and determiner to be "det-noun" in the word-order section.  

section=word-order
word-order=free
has-dets=yes
noun-det-order=det-noun
has-aux=no




//COVERAGE OF THE GRAMMAR OVER THE TEST SUITE

So far all sentences in the test-sentences section (#1 through #5, see below) are parsed correctly.

section=test-sentences
  sentence1_orth=Ivan kupil sobaku.
  sentence2_orth=Sobaku kupil Ivan
  sentence3_orth=Ivan kupil knigu
  sentence4_orth=Ivan spit
  sentence5_orth=Ivan letit samoljotom



